مقاله انگلیسی معماری
مقاله انگلیسی در مورد سد سازی
A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-storage hydroelectricity are often used in conjunction with dams to provide generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. History The word dam can be traced back to Middle English,[1] and before that, from Middle Dutch, as seen in the names of many old cities. Most early dam building took place in Mesopotamia and the Middle East. Dams were used to control the water level, for Mesopotamia's weather affected the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and could be quite unpredictable. The earliest known dam is the Jawa Dam in Jordan, 100 km northeast of the capital Amman. This gravity dam featured a 4.5 m high and 1 m wide stone wall, supported by a 50 m wide earth rampart. The structure is dated to 3000 BC. The Ancient Egyptian Sadd-el-Kafara Dam at Wadi Al-Garawi, located about 25 kilometers south of Cairo, was 102 m long at its base and 87 m wide. The structure was built around 2800 or 2600 B.C. as a diversion dam for flood control, but was destroyed by heavy rain during construction or shortly afterwards. Roman dam construction was characterized by "the Romans' ability to plan and organize engineering construction on a grand scale". Roman planners introduced the then novel concept of large reservoir dams which could secure a permanent water supply for urban settlements also over the dry season. Their pioneering use of water-proof hydraulic mortar and particularly Roman concrete allowed for much larger dam structures than previously built, such as the Lake Homs Dam, possibly the largest water barrier to date, and the Harbaqa Dam, both in Roman Syria. The highest Roman dam was the Subiaco Dam near Rome; its record height of 50 m remained unsurpassed until its accidental destruction in 1305. Roman engineers made routine use of ancient standard designs like embankment dams and masonry gravity dams. Apart from that, they displayed a high degree of inventiveness, introducing most of the other basic dam designs which had been unknown until then. These include arch-gravity dams, arch dams, buttress dams and multiple arch buttress dams, all of which were known and employed by the 2nd century AD (see List of Roman dams). Roman workforces also were the first to built dam bridges, such as the Bridge of Valerian in Iran. Eflatun Pınar is a Hittite dam and spring temple near Konya, Turkey. It's thought to the time of the Hittite empire between the 15th and 13 century BC. The Kallanai is a massive dam of unhewn stone, over 300 meters long, 4.5 meters high and 20 meters (60 ft) wide, across the main stream of the Kaveri river in Tamil Nadu, South India. The basic structure dates to the 1st century AD. and is considered one of the oldest water-diversion or water-regulator structures in the world, which is still in use. The purpose of the dam was to divert the waters of the Kaveri across the fertile Delta region for irrigation via canals. Du Jiang Yan is the oldest surviving irrigation system in China that included a dam that directed waterflow. It was finished in 251 B.C. A large earthen dam, made by the Prime Minister of Chu (state), Sunshu Ao, flooded a valley in modern-day northern Anhui province that created an enormous irrigation reservoir (62 miles in circumference), a reservoir that is still present today. In Iran, bridge dams such as the Band-e Kaisar were used to provide hydropower through water wheels, which often powered water-raising mechanisms. One of the first was the Roman-built dam bridge in Dezful, which could raise 50 cubits of water for the water supply to all houses in the town. Also diversion dams were known. Milling dams were introduced which the Muslim engineers ...
مقاله ترجمه شده معماری کامپیوتری 2014
چکیده هدف از این مقاله ارائه جدیدترین سیستم های ارائه شده برای کسب سیگنال الکترو فن آوری و سیگنال EEG پردازشی است که توان آنها به طور فزاینده ای پیشرفته است. سیگنال های الکتروانسفالوگرام (EEG) عبارتند از پتانسیل ثبت شده از فعالیت های جمعی جمعیت سلول های قشر مغز که فعالیت آنها همزمان با زنجیره های جمعیت یک سیستم خارجی است. کلید واژه ها: EGG، الکترود فعال، هوشمند، سیستم های تعبیه شده بی سیم، پردازش سیگنال، BCI ————————————————————– عنوان اصلی مقاله: Embedded EEG signal acquisition systems ترجمه فارسی عنوان: سیستم های کسب سیگنال های تعبیه شده شده EEG تعداد صفحات انگلیسی: ۷ صفحه تعداد صفحات ترجمه فارسی: ۱۳صفحه قیمت ترجمه فارسی: ۱۷۵۰۰تومان دانلود نسخه انگلیسی ژورنال و خرید ترجمه فارسی به صورت آنلاین از لینک های پایینبرای دانلود رایگان اصل مقاله و خرید ترجمه اینجا کلیک کنید
مقاله در مورد سیمان به زبان انگلیسی
Cement From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In the most general sense of the word, cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The name "cement" goes back to the Romans who used the term "opus caementitium" to describe masonry which resembled concrete and was made from crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick additives which were added to the burnt lime to obtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to as cementum, cimentum, cäment and cement. Cements used in construction are characterized as hydraulic or non-hydraulic. The most important use of cement is the production of mortar and concrete - the bonding of natural or artificial aggregates to form a strong building material which is durable in the face of normal environmental effects. History Early uses The earliest construction cements are as old as construction[1], and were non-hydraulic. Wherever primitive mud bricks were used, they were bedded together with a thin layer of clay slurry. Mud-based materials were also used for rendering on the walls of timber or wattle and daub structures. Lime was probably used for the first time as an additive in these renders, and for stabilizing mud floors. A "daub" consisting of mud, cow dung and lime produces a tough and water- proof coating, due to coagulation, by the lime, of proteins in the cow dung. This simple system was common in Europe until quite recent times. With the advent of fired bricks, and their use in larger structures, various cultures started to experiment with higher- strength mortars based on bitumen (in Mesopotamia), gypsum (in Egypt) and lime (in many parts of the world). It is uncertain where it was first discovered that a combination of hydrated non-hydraulic lime and a pozzolan produces a hydraulic mixture, but concrete made from such mixtures was first used on a large scale by the Romans. They used both natural pozzolans (trass or pumice) and artificial pozzolans (ground brick or pottery) in these concretes. Many excellent examples of structures made from these concretes are still standing , notably the huge monolithic dome of the Pantheon in Rome. The use of structural concrete disappeared in medieval Europe, although weak pozzolanic concretes continued to be used as a core fill in stone walls and columns. Hydraulic cements Hydraulic cements are materials which set and harden after combining with water, as a result of chemical creactions with the mixing water and, after hardening, retain strength and stability even under water. The key requirement for this is that the hydrates formed on immediate reaction with water are essentially insoluble in water. Most construction cements today are hydraulic, and most of these are based upon portland cement, which is made primarily from limestone, certain clay minerals, and gypsum, in a high temperature process that drives off carbon dioxide and chemically combines the primary ingredients into new compounds. Non-hydraulic cements include such materials as (non- hydraulic) lime and gypsum plasters, which must be kept dry in order to gain strength, and oxychloride cements which have liquid components. Lime mortars, for example, "set" only by drying out, and gain strength only very slowly by absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to re-form calcium carbonate. Setting and hardening of hydraulic cements is caused by the formation of water-containing compounds, forming as a result of reactions between cement components and water. The reaction and the reaction products are referred to as hydration and hydrates or hydrate phases , respectively. As a result of the immediately starting reactions, a stiffening can be observed which is very small in the beginning, but which increases with time. After reaching a certain level, this point in time is referred to as the start of setting. The consecutive further consolidation is called setting, ...
ترجمه تخصصی متن معماری
ترجمه تخصصی متن معماری در شبکه معماران ایرانآدرس سایت:www.memarweb.com --- www.memarweb.irچنانچه نیاز به ترجمه تخصصی بسیار دقیق از متن تخصصی معماری خود دارید فقط کافیست ثبت سفارش نماییدشبکه معماران ایران با جمع آوری مترجمان متخصص و کارآمد این رشته، این امکان را داده تا در کمترین زمان و بالاترین کیفیت متن معماری شما ترجمه و به دست شما برسداگر شما می خواهید از پایان نامه معماری خود مقاله استخراج و به زبان انگلیسی برگردانید و درمجلات خارجی به چاپ برسانید می توانید از مترجمان متخصص ما استفاده نمایید و همچنین برای ترجمه کتاب تخصصی معماری و مقالات تخصصی معماری و ... ترجمه تخصصی متن معماریترجمه معماریترجمه متون معماریترجمه تخصصی معماریترجمه معماری آنلاینترجمه رزومه معماریمتون ترجمه معماریدانلود ترجمه معماریترجمه مقاله معماریترجمه ی متن معماریترجمه مقاله تخصصی معماریترجمه متن آنلاین معماریترجمه متون عمران و معماریترجمه آنلاین متن معماریترجمه متون تخصصی معماری آنلاینترجمه مقاله معماری آنلاینترجمه مقاله معماری فوریترجمه تخصصی متون معماریمتن انگلیسی معماری ترجمهترجمه آنلاین تخصصی معماریترجمه متن معماری آنلاینمتن معماری و ترجمه فارسیترجمه ترجمه آنلاین متون معماری ترجمه آنلاین تخصصی معماریتحقیق معماری با ترجمهمتن معماری با ترجمهمعماری با ترجمه رایگانترجمه انگلیسی تخصصی معماریترجمه دقیق متن معماریترجمه متون تخصصی معماریترجمه انگلیسی معماری تخصصیترجمه کتابهای زبان معماریترجمه رایگان رشته معماریترجمه متن تخصصی معماریترجمه رایگان رشته معماریترجمه آنلاین متون معماریترجمه مقاله معماری رایگانترجمه جمله آنلاین معماریمقاله معماری لاتین و ترجمهترجمه تخصصی آنلاین معماریمقالات ترجمه معماری پایدارترجمه متن انگلیسی معماریترجمه کلمات تخصصی معماریمقاله معماری با ترجمهترجمه متون معماری آنلاینمتن با ترجمه انگلیسی معماریدانلود برنامه ترجمه متن معماریمعماری مدرن با ترجمه فارسیمعماری مصالح نوین انگلیسی و ترجمهشما کافیست ثبت سفارش نمایید این تنها کاریست که باید انجام دهید باتشکر
ترجمه تخصصی متون انگلیسی معماری
ترجمه تخصصی متون انگلیسی معماری (انگليسي فارسي/فارسي انگليسي) با قیمت مناسب در کوتاهترین زمان ممکن ( امکان جستجو و ترجمه مقاله در موضوع مورد نظرتان میسر می باشد) ۰۹۱۹۱۱۶۶۵۶۶۲