علايم مورد نياز در نقشه خواني مدارات

اتصالات وسيمها

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

To pass current very easily from one part of a circuit to another.

This symbol is used in circuit diagrams where wires cross to show that they are connected (joined). The 'blob' is often omitted at T-junctions, but it is vital to include it at crossings.

In complex circuit diagrams it is often necessary to draw wires crossing even though they are not connected. I prefer to use the 'hump' symbol shown on the right because the simple crossing on the left looks like a join where you have forgotten to add the 'blob'!

منابع انرژي

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

Supplies electrical energy.
Single cells are often wrongly called a battery, but strictly a battery is two or more cells joined together.

Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more than one cell.

Supplies electrical energy.

Supplies electrical energy.

يک وسيله محافظتي که در هنگام عبور جريان بيش از حد تايين شده قطع مي گردد.

A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the current flowing through it exceeds a specified value.

ترانسفورماتور

دو حلقه از سيم که با يک هسته آهني متصل مي باشد. ترانسفورماتورها جهت کاهش يا افزايش ولتاژ استفاده مي گردند.

Two coils of wire linked by an iron core. Transformers are used to step up (increase) and step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy is transferred between the coils by the magnetic field in the core. There is no electrical connection between the coils.

اتصال به زمين؛ براي بسياري مدارات الکترونيکي به معني ولتاژ صفر مي باشد اما در بعضي مدارات  مانند مدارات راديويي به معناي اتصال واقعي به زمين مي باشد.

A connection to earth. For many electronic circuits this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power supply, but for mains electricity and some radio circuits it really means the earth. It is also known as ground.

لامپ ، گرمکن ، موتور ، بيزر ، زنگ

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

يک مبدلي که انرژي الکتريکي را به نور تبديل مي کند.

A transducer which converts electrical energy to light. This symbol is used for a lamp providing illumination, for example a car headlamp or torch bulb.

لامپ (شاخص)

A transducer which converts electrical energy to light. This symbol is used for a lamp which is an indicator, for example a warning light on a car dashboard.

A transducer which converts electrical energy to heat.

A transducer which converts electrical energy to kinetic energy (motion).

A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

A coil of wire which creates a magnetic field when current passes through it. It may have an iron core inside the coil. It can be used as a transducer converting electrical energy to mechanical energy by pulling on something.

کليدها

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A push switch allows current to flow only when the button is pressed. This is the switch used to operate a doorbell.

This type of push switch is normally closed (on), it is open (off) only when the button is pressed.

SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.
An on-off switch allows current to flow only when it is in the closed (on) position.

SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.
A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow of current to one of two routes according to its position. Some SPDT switches have a central off position and are described as 'on-off-on'.

DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.
A dual on-off switch which is often used to switch mains electricity because it can isolate both the live and neutral connections.

DPDT = Double Pole, Double Throw.
This switch can be wired up as a reversing switch for a motor. Some DPDT switches have a central off position.

- NO= بطور معمول باز -COM= مشترک -NC = بطور معمول بسته. يک کليد الکتريکي که به وسيله الکتريسيته کنترل مي گردد براي مثال يک باتري 9 ولت مي تواند يک ولتاژ AC 220 را متصل نمايد. 

An electrically operated switch, for example a 9V battery circuit connected to the coil can switch a 230V AC mains circuit.
NO = Normally Open, COM = Common, NC = Normally  Closed.

مقاومت ها

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A resistor restricts the flow of current, for example to limit the current passing through an LED. A resistor is used with a capacitor in a timing circuit.

This type of variable resistor with 2 contacts (a rheostat) is usually used to control current. Examples include: adjusting lamp brightness, adjusting motor speed, and adjusting the rate of flow of charge into a capacitor in a timing circuit.

This type of variable resistor with 3 contacts (a potentiometer) is usually used to control voltage. It can be used like this as a transducer converting position (angle of the control spindle) to an electrical signal.

This type of variable resistor (a preset) is operated with a small screwdriver or similar tool. It is designed to be set when the circuit is made and then left without further adjustment. Presets are cheaper than normal variable resistors so they are often used in projects to reduce the cost.

A transducer which converts brightness (light) to resistance (an electrical property).

A transducer which converts temperature (heat) to resistance (an electrical property).

خازنها

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A capacitor stores electric charge. A capacitor is used with a resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as a filter, to block DC signals but pass AC signals.

A capacitor stores electric charge. This type must be connected the correct way round. A capacitor is used with a resistor in a timing circuit. It can also be used as a filter, to block DC signals but pass AC signals.

A variable capacitor is used in a radio tuner.

This type of variable capacitor (a trimmer) is operated with a small screwdriver or similar tool. It is designed to be set when the circuit is made and then left without further adjustment.

ديودها

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A device which only allows current to flow in one direction.

A transducer which converts electrical energy to light.

A special diode which is used to maintain a fixed voltage across its terminals.

A light-sensitive diode.

ترانزيستورها

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

ترانزيستور NPN

A transistor amplifies current. It can be used with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit.

ترانزيستور PNP

A transistor amplifies current. It can be used with other components to make an amplifier or switching circuit.

A light-sensitive transistor.

صوتي

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A transducer which converts sound to electrical energy.

A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

 بلندگوspeaker

A transducer which converts electrical energy to sound.

An amplifier circuit with one input. Really it is a block diagram symbol because it represents a circuit rather than just one component.

اندازه  گيري

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A voltmeter is used to measure voltage.
The proper name for voltage is 'potential difference', but most people prefer to say voltage!

An ammeter is used to measure current.

A galvanometer is a very sensitive meter which is used to measure tiny currents, usually 1mA or less.

An ohmmeter is used to measure resistance. Most multimeters have an ohmmeter setting.

 ديگرعلائم

توضيح مختصري از قطعه

A device which is designed to receive or transmit radio signals. It is also known as an antenna.

IEC =InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (کميته جهاني الکتروتکنيک)

NOT

مطالب مشابه :

برق صنعتی - نقشه خوانی برق - با سلام این جانب امین تاجی دانشجوی مهندسی برق صنعتی هستم.

مهندسی برق قدرت - نقشه خوانی مدارات قدرت و فرمان+(آموزش) - - مهندسی برق قدرت

تاسیسات الکتریکی(radgostar) - نقشه خوانی در برق صنعتی -

برق صنعتي - علايم مورد نياز در نقشه خواني مدارات - آموزش برق آموزش برق صنعتي به زبان

برق ،کنترل وابزار دقیق - آموزش نقشه خوانی برق - مقالات ،کتاب ونرم افزار های کنترل ،برق

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واگویه - جزوه نقشه کشی و نقشه خوانی برق - حرفهای خودمانی و مطالب آموزشی در خصوص برق و اتوماسیون

کارشناسی ارشد برق قدرت - نقشه خوانی مدار قدرت و فرمان - مهندسی برق قدرت -توزیع -انتقال -تولید